Chú thích Nero

  1. ↑ Cách viết Latin thời cổ đạiing and Cách phát âm Latin cổ đại được dựng lại của tên Nero:
    1. Bản mẫu:Sqc
      IPA: ['luː.ki.ʊs dɔ'mɪ.ti.ʊs a.eː.nɔ'bar.bʊs]
    2. Bản mẫu:Sqc
      IPA: ['nɛ.roː 'klau̯.di.ʊs ˈkae̯.sar au̯ˈgʊs.tʊs gɛr'maː.nɪ.kʊs]
  2. ↑ Nero's birth day is listed in Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 6. Người ta không biết chính xác ngày mất của ông. Ngày chết là 9 tháng 6 là dựa theo Jerome, cuốn Chronicle có viết là Nero trị vì trong vòng 13 năm, 7 tháng và 28 ngày, which lists Nero's rule as 13 years, 7 months and 28 days. Theo Cassius Dio, Roman History LXII.3 và Josephus, War of the Jews IV thì Nero trị vì 13 năm, 8 tháng và vậy đó nghĩa là Nero chết ngày
  3. ↑ Suetonius states that Nero committed suicide in Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 49; Sulpicius Severus, who possibly used Tacitus' lost fragments as a source, reports that it was uncertain whether Nero committed suicide, Sulpicius Severus, Chronica II.29, also see T.D. Barnes, "The Fragments of Tacitus' Histories", Classical Philology (1977), p. 228.
  4. ↑ Galba criticized Nero's luxuria, both his public and private excessive spending, during rebellion, Tacitus, Annals I.16; Kragelund, Patrick, "Nero's Luxuria, in Tacitus and in the Octavia", The Classical Quarterly, 2000, p. 494-515
  5. ↑ References to Nero's matricide appear in the Sibylline Oracles 5.490-520, Geoffrey Chaucer's Canterbury Tales The Monk's Tale, and William Shakespeare's Hamlet 3.ii
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Tacitus Annals XV.44.
  7. ↑ Những nguồn tài liệu này bao gồm cuốn Civil War của Lucan, cuốn "On Mercy" của Seneca Trẻ và cuốn "Discourses" của Dio Chrysostom và cùng với các đồng tiền La Mã và các chữ khắc trên chúng
  8. ↑ Tacitus, Histories I.4, I.5, I.13, II.8; Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 57, Life of Otho 7, Life of Vitellius 11; Philostratus II, The Life of Apollonius 5.41; Dio Chrysostom, Discourse XXI, On Beauty
  9. ↑ On fire and Christian persecution, see F.W. Clayton, "Tacitus and Christian Persecution", The Classical Quarterly, pp. 81–85; B.W. Henderson, Life and Principate of the Emperor Nero, p. 437; On general bias against Nero, see Edward Champlin, Nero, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003, pp. 36–52 (ISBN 0-674-01192-9
  10. ↑ Paola Brandizzi Vittucci, Antium: Anzio e Nettuno in epoca romana, Roma, Bardi, 2000 ISBN 88-85699-83-9
  11. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 1.
  12. 1 2 3 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 6.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 5.
  14. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XII.66; Cassius Dio, Roman History LXI.34; Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Claudius 44; Josephus is less sure, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XX.8.1.
  15. ↑ “Suetonius • Life of Nero”. Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 6 năm 2008. 
  16. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Caligula 29.
  17. ↑ Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XIX.1.14, XIX.2.4.
  18. ↑ Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XIX.3.2.
  19. 1 2 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Claudius 26.
  20. 1 2 3 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Claudius 27.
  21. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XII.25.
  22. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XII.26.
  23. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XII.41.
  24. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XII.58.
  25. ↑ Information about this sculpture at the Museum of Aphrodisias, Turkey, where it is located.
  26. ↑ On the Mushroom that Deified the Emperor Claudius
  27. ↑ Cassius Dio's and Suetonius' accounts claim Nero knew of the murder, Cassius Dio, Roman History LXI.35, Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 33; Tacitus' and Josephus' accounts only mention Agrippina, Tacitus, Annals XII.65, Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XX.8.1.
  28. ↑ Động từ "morari nghĩa là "vẫn còn", còn từ mōrari có nghĩa là "chơi trò thằng ngốc".
  29. ↑ Suetonius • Life of Nero
  30. ↑ Book LXI #3 P39
  31. ↑ #8 P100
  32. ↑ Lúc lên ngôi, hoàng đế Augustus đã 35 tuổi, Tiberius đã 56 tuổi, Caligula mới 25 tuổi và Cladius đã 50 tuổi.
  33. ↑ Cassius Dio claims "At first Agrippina managed for him all the business of the empire", then Seneca and Burrus "took the rule entirely into their own hands,", but "after the death of Britannicus, Seneca and Burrus no longer gave any careful attention to the public business" in 55, Cassius Dio, Roman History LXI.3-7.
  34. ↑ Jowett, Benjamin (1867). “Alexander of Aegae”. Trong William Smith. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology 1. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. tr. 110–111. 
  35. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.5.
  36. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.13.
  37. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.12.
  38. 1 2 3 4 5 Tacitus, Annals XIII.14.
  39. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.16.
  40. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.16; Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, XX.8.2; Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 33; Cassius Dio, Roman History LXI.7.
  41. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.18–21.
  42. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.23.
  43. 1 2 Cassius Dio, Roman History LXI.10.
  44. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History LXI.7.
  45. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XIII.46.
  46. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.1.
  47. ↑ Dawson, Alexis, "Whatever Happened to Lady Agrippina?", The Classical Journal, 1969, p. 254.
  48. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Otho 3.
  49. ↑ Rogers, Robert, Heirs and Rivals to Nero, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Vol. 86. (1955), p. 202. Silana accuses Agrippina of plotting to bring up Plautus in 55, Tacitus, Annals XIII.19; Silana is recalled from exile after Agrippina's power waned, Tacitus, Annals XIV.12; Plautus is exiled in 60, Tacitus, Annals XIV.22.
  50. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 34.
  51. ↑ Tacitus, "The Annals".
  52. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.51.
  53. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.52.
  54. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.53.
  55. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XIV.60.
  56. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.64.
  57. ↑ Farquhar, Michael (2001). A Treasure of Royal Scandals, p.216. Penguin Books, New York. ISBN 0-7394-2025-9.
  58. 1 2 Rudich, Vasily, Political Dissidence Under Nero, p. 134.
  59. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.48.
  60. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.49.
  61. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.65.
  62. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 37.
  63. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XIII.4.
  64. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XV.51.
  65. ↑ Donato and Seefried (1989), p. 55.
  66. 1 2 Champlin, 2005, p.145
  67. ↑ Ancient History Sourcebook: Suetonius: De Vita Caesarum--Nero, c. 110 C.E.
  68. ↑ Cassius Dio Roman History: LXII, 28 - LXIII, 12-13
  69. ↑ Smith, 1849, p.897
  70. ↑ Smith, William (1849). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology 3. C. C. Little and J. Brown; [etc., etc. ]. tr. 1411, 2012. LCCN 07038839. 
  71. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 53; Gibbon, Edward, The History of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Vol. I, Chap. VI.
  72. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XIII.25.
  73. ↑ Aurelius Victor mentions Trajan's praise of Nero's first five or so years. Aurelius Victor The Style of Life and the Manners of the Imperitors 5; The unknown author of Epitome de Caesaribus also mentions Trajan's praise of the first five or so years of Nero Auctor incertus Epitome De Caesarbius 5.
  74. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XIII.28.
  75. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 17.
  76. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.26.
  77. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.27.
  78. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.45.
  79. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.31.
  80. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.30, XIV.18, XIV.40, XIV.46.
  81. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XIII.50.
  82. 1 2 3 Tacitus, Annals XIII.51.
  83. 1 2 3 Tacitus, Annals XIV.20.
  84. 1 2 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 12.
  85. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XIV.21.
  86. 1 2 3 4 5 Tacitus, Annals XV.38.
  87. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XV.43.
  88. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XV.42.
  89. ↑ Josephus, War of the Jews III.10.10,Werner, Walter: "The largest ship trackway in ancient times: the Diolkos of the Isthmus of Corinth, Greece, and early attempts to build a canal", The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology, Vol. 26, No. 2 (1997), pp. 98–119.
  90. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XVI.3.
  91. ↑ “Roman Currency of the Principate”. Tulane University. Truy cập ngày 13 tháng 7 năm 2011. 
  92. ↑ Derek A. Welsby: Nero expedition to Nile sources. Books.google.com. Truy cập ngày 9 tháng 11 năm 2010. 
  93. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 31.
  94. ↑ Tacitus, Annals wikisource:The Annals (Tacitus)/Book 15#45 XV.45.
  95. ↑ Thornton, Mary Elizabeth Kelly "Nero's New Deal," Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Vol. 102, (1971), p. 629.
  96. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XV.40; Suetonius says the fire raged for six days and seven nights, Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 38; A pillar set by Domitius states the fire burned for nine days.
  97. ↑ Pliny the Elder, Natural Histories, XVII.1.5, Pliny mentions trees that lasted "down to the Emperor Nero’s conflagration".
  98. ↑ Juvenal writes that Rome suffered from perpetual fires and falling houses Juvenal, Satires 3.7, 3.195, 3.214.
  99. 1 2 3 4 Tacitus, Histories I.2.
  100. ↑ Suetonius, Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Titus 8.
  101. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero, 38; Cassius Dio, Roman History LXII.16.
  102. 1 2 3 4 Tacitus, Annals XV.39.
  103. ↑ Roth, Leland M. (1993). Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning, First, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, pp. 227-8. ISBN 0-06-430158-3.
  104. ↑ Ball, Larry F. (2003). The Domus Aurea and the Roman architectural revolution. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82251-3.
  105. ↑ Warden reduces its size to under 100 mẫu Anh (0,40 km2). Warden, P.G., "The Domus Aurea Reconsidered," Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 40 (1981) pp. 271-278.
  106. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XV.45.
  107. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.14, XIV.16.
  108. ↑ Philostratus II, Life of Apollonius 4.39; Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Vitellius 11.
  109. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XV.33.
  110. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars Life of Nero 21.
  111. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 33.
  112. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XVI.4; Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Vitellius 11; Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 10, 21.
  113. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.15; Cassius Dio, Roman History LXI.19.
  114. ↑ Philostratus II, Life of Apollonius 5.7.
  115. 1 2 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 24.
  116. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 25.
  117. ↑ Suetonius The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 23, 24.
  118. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XIII.7.
  119. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.8.
  120. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.9.
  121. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.10.
  122. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.42.
  123. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XIII.55.
  124. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.56.
  125. 1 2 Tacitus, Annals XIV.36.
  126. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XV.1.
  127. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XV.4.
  128. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XV.18.
  129. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XV.16.
  130. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XV.29.
  131. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History LXIII.2.
  132. 1 2 Cassius Dio, Roman History LXII.23.
  133. ↑ Suetonius Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 18; Marcus Annaeus Lucanus Pharsalia (Civil War) (c. 65).
  134. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.29.
  135. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.31.
  136. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.31-38.
  137. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.39.
  138. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XV.49.
  139. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XV.50.
  140. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XV.55.
  141. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XV.70.
  142. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XV.60-62.
  143. ↑ Josephus, War of the Jews II.13.7.
  144. ↑ Josephus, War of the Jews III.1.3.
  145. ↑ Josephus, War of the Jews VI.10.1.
  146. ↑ Josephus, War of the Jews VII.1.1.
  147. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History LXIII.22.
  148. ↑ Donahue.
  149. 1 2 Cassius Dio, Roman History LXIII.24.
  150. ↑ Plutarch, The Parallel Lives, Life of Galba 5.
  151. 1 2 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 47.
  152. ↑ Suetonius, Nero, xlix) .
  153. 1 2 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 49.
  154. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History 63.
  155. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 57.
  156. 1 2 3 Tacitus, Histories I.4.
  157. ↑ Tacitus, Histories I.5.
  158. ↑ Philostratus II, The Life of Apollonius 5.41.
  159. ↑ Letter from Apollonius to Emperor Vespasian, Philostratus II, The Life of Apollonius 5.41.
  160. ↑ M. T. Griffin, Nero (1984), p. 186; Gibbon, Edward, The History of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire Vol. I, Chap. III.
  161. ↑ Champlin (2003), p. 29.
  162. 1 2 John Pollini, Review of Mutilation and Transformation: Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial Portraiture by Eric R. Varner, The Art Bulletin (September 2006).
  163. ↑ Champlin (2003), pp. 29–31.
  164. ↑ Tacitus, Histories I.6.
  165. ↑ Plutarch, The Parallel Lives, The Life of Galba 9.
  166. ↑ Tacitus, Histories I.13.
  167. 1 2 Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Otho 7.
  168. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Vitellius 11.
  169. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero 57; Tacitus, Histories II.8; Cassius Dio, Roman History LXVI.19.
  170. 1 2 Augustine of Hippo, City of God.XX.19.3.
  171. 1 2 Tacitus, Histories II.8.
  172. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History LXVI.19.
  173. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caears, Life of Nero 57.
  174. ↑ Tacitus, Annals I.1; Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XX.8.3; Tacitus, Life of Gnaeus Julius Agricola 10; Tacitus, Annals XIII.20.
  175. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.20; Tacitus, Annals XIV.2.
  176. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.20; Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XIX.1.13.
  177. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIII.20.
  178. ↑ Tacitus, Annals I.1; Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XX.8.3.
  179. ↑ Dio Chrysostom, Discourse XXI, On Beauty.
  180. ↑ Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews XX.8.3.
  181. ↑ Marcus Annaeus Lucanus, Pharsalia (Civil War) (c. 65).
  182. ↑ Pliny the Elder, Natural Histories VII.8.46.
  183. ↑ Seneca the Younger, Apocolocyntosis 4.
  184. ↑ Suetonius, The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero, 30.
  185. ↑ Tacitus, Annals I.1.
  186. ↑ Tacitus, History I.1.
  187. ↑ Tacitus, Annals XIV.16.
  188. ↑ Talmud, tractate Gitin 56a-b
  189. ↑ Isaac, Benjamin (2004) The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity tr. 440-491. Princeton.
  190. ↑ Suetonius The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero, chapter 16.
  191. ↑ Tertullian Apologeticum, lost text quoted in , Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History, II.25.4.
  192. 1 2 Lactantius, Of the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died II.
  193. ↑ Sulpicius Severus, Chronica II.28.
  194. ↑ Suetonius The Lives of Twelve Caesars, Life of Claudius 25.
  195. ↑ Acts of the Apostles 18:2.
  196. 1 2 Ascension of Isaiah Chapter 4.2.
  197. ↑ Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History II.25.5.
  198. ↑ In the apocryphal Acts of Paul, in the apocryphal Acts of Peter, in the First Epistle of Clement 5:6, and in The Muratorian Fragment.
  199. ↑ Apocryphal Acts of Peter.
  200. ↑ Lactantius wrote that Nero crucified Peter, and slew Paul., Lactantius, Of the Manner in Which the Persecutors Died II; John Chrysostom wrote Nero knew Paul personally and had him killed, John Chrysostom, Concerning Lowliness of Mind 4; Sulpicius Severus says Nero killed Peter and Paul, Sulpicius Severus, Chronica II.28-29.
  201. ↑ Sibylline Oracles 5.361-376, 8.68-72, 8.531-157.
  202. ↑ Sulpicius Severus và Victorinus of Pettau also say Nero is the Antichrist, Sulpicius Severus, Chronica II.28-29; Victorinus of Pettau, Commentary on the Apocalypse 17.
  203. ↑ http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=60&chapter=2&verse=7&version=9&context=verse
  204. ↑ The Book of Revelation, Catherine A. Cory.
  205. ↑ Revelation, Alan John Philip Garrow.
  206. ↑ Hillers, Delbert, "Rev. 13, 18 and a scroll from Murabba’at", Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 170 (1963) 65.
  207. ↑ The New Jerome Biblical Commentary. Ed. Raymond E. Brown, Joseph A. Fitzmyer, and Roland E. Murphy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1990. 1009.
  208. ↑ Just, S.J., Ph.D., Prof. Felix. “The Book of Revelation, Apocalyptic Literature, and Millennial Movements, University of San Francisco, USF Jesuit Community”. Truy cập ngày 18 tháng 5 năm 2007. 
  209. ↑ Edward Cook. “The Number of the Beast: 616?”. 

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